Lower Leg Amputation Surgery (Amputated Leg) video

Amputation is acut or removal of apart of a body extremity by trauma, prolonged constriction, or surgery. As a surgical measure,Amputation is still often viewed as a failure of treatment , it is aimed to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb or extremity, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for such problems. A special case is that of congenital amputation, a congenital disorder, where fetal limbs have been cut off by constrictive bands. In some countries, amputation of the hands, feet or other body parts is or was used as a form of punishment for people who committed crimes. Amputation has also been used as a tactic in war and acts of terrorism; it may also occur as a war injury. In some cultures and religions, minor amputations or mutilations are considered a ritual accomplishment. Unlike some non-mammalian animals (such as lizards that shed their tails, salamanders that can regrow many missing body parts, and hydras, flatworms, and starfish that can regrow entire bodies from small fragments), once removed, human extremities do not grow back, unlike portions of some organs, such as the liver. A transplant or a prosthesis are the only options for recovering the loss.

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 Contraindications:
 The decision to perform an amputation often comes after all other options have been exhausted. It is a final decision that cannot be reversed once initiated. The only contraindication to amputation is poor health that impairs the patient's ability to tolerate anesthesia and surgery. However, the diseased limb is often at the center of the patient's illness, leading to a compromised medical status. The removal of the diseased limb is necessary to eliminate systemic toxins and save the patient's life. 
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Indications:

Although safer equipment exists and improvements in limb salvage surgery have been made, traumatic limb loss continues to occur because of industrial and motor vehicle accidents. These accidents involve high-grade open fractures with associated nerve injury, soft tissue loss, and ischemia and unreconstructable neurovascular injury. In this setting, limb salvage may initially be successful, only to end in an infected painful extremity that affects the patient's activities of daily living and work. Attempts at limb salvage are often made with less-than-favorable results, leaving the patient with an extremity that is less functional than a prosthesis would be and resulting in workdays lost and expense in treatment. 
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The goal in treating malignant bone tumors is to remove the lesion with the lowest risk of recurrence. Limb salvage surgery has replaced amputation as the primary treatment for bone tumors. To recommend limb salvage, the risk of local recurrence must be equal to that of amputation, and the salvaged limb must be functional.
Congenital absence and limb malformations account for a small percentage of amputations. These situations are evaluated on an individual basis because these limbs are often functional and amenable to orthotic management or limb reconstruction. When considering amputation, a higher and more functional level than the patient's current level should be obtainable.
Whatever the indication for amputation, the goal remains length preservation and surgical reconstruction that maintains the most functional limb possible. 

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Posted in: Orthopedic,Surgery